As gun owners, we are those who exercise and support the 2nd Amendment (2A.) As gun owners from Indiana, we exercise and support Article I Section 32 of the Indiana Constitution, “The people shall have a right to bear arms, for the defense of themselves and the State.” The Supreme Court Of The United States (SCOTUS) went from 1939 (US v Miller upheld the National Firearms Act of 1934 requiring registration of machine guns and the tax stamp, which doubled the cost of a Thompson sub-machine gun. Miller did set the precedent for firearms lawfully possessed for lawful purposes being protected under 2A) until DC v Heller (2008) with no substantive 2A cases.
Heller was a 5-4 decision. Two of the four in dissent were Republican President appointees. Justice Stevens appointed by President Ford; Justice Souter appointed by President (HW) Bush. It is hard to believe the same individual who appointed Justice Souter, appointed Justice Clarence Thomas.
McDonald v Chicago (2010) affirmed that States had to respect 2A rights as well. It was also a 5-4 decision. Justice Stevens was the only Republican President appointee in dissent.
We went another 12 years after McDonald before a substantive 2A case came up before SCOTUS. New York State Rifle and Pistol Association v. Bruen (2022) was a landmark case and a 6-3 decision. Bruen gave us “text, history, and tradition” as the standard to what was and wasn’t constitutional. As Justice Clarence Thomas wrote in the majority opinion, “The 2nd Amendment is not a second-class right.”
Chevron v. Natural Resources Defense Council Inc. 1984 (referred to as “Chevron Deference” since it set the precedent for the legislative and judicial branches to defer to the “experts” in the executive agencies… and 40 years of a bad precedent.) Also referred to simply as “Chevron”. Two years after Chevron, things started to change on SCOTUS that would lead to where we are today.
So how did we get here? We (as 2nd Amendment, or 2A supporters) have a 6-3 SCOTUS on a good day, 5-4 on a bad day. As much as I miss the days of the Reagan Administration, Justice Scalia was President Reagan’s only solid 2A supporter appointed to SCOTUS, and Justice Scalia started SCOTUS towards where we are today. Justice Day-O’Connor was often “the swing vote” on SCOTUS. Justice Kennedy was the “swing vote” on Heller, he was not always on our side.
President George HW Bush gave us David Souter. He replaced Eisenhower appointee William Brennan who voted in the majority opinion on Chevron (Chevron v. Natural Resources Defense Council Inc. 1984. “Chevron Deference” set the precedent for the legislative and judicial branches to defer to the “experts” in the executive agencies… again 40 years of a bad precedent.) Chevron was overturned by Loper-Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo 2024.
In the card game Blackjack a tie is known as a “push.” Trading Justice Souter for Justice Brennan was a push. Then Bush 41 appointed Clarence Thomas to replace Thurgood Marshall. The confirmation hearings were on a level that we wouldn’t see again until President Trump nominated Brett Kavanaugh. The addition of Justice Thomas to SCOTUS would later turn out to be a major win for 2A supporters.
The two SCOTUS Justices appointed by Bill Clinton (Bader-Ginsburg and Breyer) replaced Kennedy appointee Byron White and Nixon appointee Harry Blackmun. Both Clinton-appointed Justices replaced
Justices who supported Chevron Deference. Both Justices Baser-Ginsburg and Breyer were in dissent on Heller. We’ll call this a push.
George W Bush appointed Chief Justice Roberts and Justice Alito. It is of note they replaced Chief Justice Rehnquist and Justice Day-O’Connor. There was a reason Heller didn’t come up before SCOTUS until both Justices Rehnquist and Day-O’Connor were off the court. Justice Rehnquist replaced Warren Burger as Chief Justice. Justice Burger voted in favor of Chevron; this was still a push. I hold my breath on some of the decisions from Chief Justice Roberts (replaced Justice Rehnquist in 2005,) but he is solid on 2A. Justice Alito is as good on 2A as Justice Thomas. This was a major shift in SCOTUS as to how 2A was viewed by the court.
President Obama appointed Justices Sotomayor and Kagen. They replaced Justices Souter and Stevens who both opposed Heller. Call that a push.
When President Trump was elected, he nominated Neil Gorsuch to replace the late Antonin Scalia. As I said in Part 1, I am no fan of Senator Mitch McConnell, but thanks to him we don’t have Merrick Garland as a SCOTUS Justice. Even with Justice Gorsuch, we were still a shaky 5-4 SCOTUS at this point.
When Justice Kennedy retired, SCOTUS became a much more certain 5-4 when Justice Kavanaugh was appointed. The confirmation hearings for Justice Kavanaugh were worse than the hearings for Clarence Thomas and those hearings in 1991 were very bad.
When Amy Coney-Barrett replaced Ruth Bader-Ginsburg… that was what gave us at least a solid 5-4 (on a good day a 6-3) SCOTUS majority. It was a very good day when NYSRPA v. Bruen was a 6-3 decision. Justice Bader-Ginsburg opposed both Heller and McDonald, Justice Coney-Barrett was in the majority on Bruen. Enough said.
Trading Justice Breyer for Justice Brown-Jackson was a push, except Brown-Jackson is much younger than Justice Breyer
I hate to think where our 2A rights would be if Hillary Clinton had been elected in 2016. Justice Thomas is 76 years old; Justice Alito is 74. Elections do have consequences.
Kelly Myers
ISRPA Government Affairs Co-Director
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